Primers are provided as a 40 µl solution containing both primers at a final concentration of 50 µM in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 mM EDTA. Dilute with water as needed prior to use. This amount is sufficient for 1000 x 20µl PCR reactions assuming a final primer concentration of 0.1 µM. Add cDNA template....

Mammalian kidney and liver are critical in maintaining physiological ionic environment. Kidney specializes in removing toxins, drugs, and other organic anions from the blood by a process called "renal secretion". Besides kidney, anionic substrates are also transported in other organs, e.g., choroid plexus, eye,...