Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274), partial (Active), human, recombinant

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human). Source: Mammalian cell. Expression Region: 19-238aa. Protein Length: Partial. Tag Info: C-terminal hFc-tagged. Target Protein Sequence: FTVTVPKDLY VVEYGSNMTI ECKFPVEKQL DLAALIVYWE MEDKNIIQFV HGEEDLKVQH SSYRQRARLL KDQLSLGNAA LQITDVKLQD AGVYRCMISY GGADYKRITV KVNAPYNKIN QRILVVDPVT SEHELTCQAE GYPKAEVIWT SSDHQVLSGK TTTTNSKREE KLFNVTSTLR INTTTNEIFY CTFRRLDPEE NHTAELVIPE LPLAHPPNER. Purity: Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin: Less than 1.0 EU/ug as determined by LAL method. Biological Activity: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized PD-L1 at 2 µg/ml can bind Anti- PD-L1 mouse monoclonal antibody(CSB-MA878942A1m,antigen from E.coli), the EC50 of human PD-L1 protein is 1.252-1.653 ng/mL. Form: Lyophilized powder. Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, 6% Trehalose, pH 7.4. Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20 °C/-80 °C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference. Storage: The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. Notes: Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4 °C for up to one week. Relevance: Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) (PubMed:10581077) The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). The interaction with PDCD1/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (By similarity). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (By similarity). Reference: n/a. Function: nan