Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1), partial, recombinant Bovine

Organism: Bos taurus (Bovine). Source: E.coli. Expression Region: 279-390aa. Protein Length: Partial. Tag Info: C-terminal 10xHis-tagged. Target Protein Sequence: ALDTNYCFSS TEKNCCVRQL YIDFRKDLGW KWIHEPKGYH ANFCLGPCPY IWSLDTQYSK VLALYNQHNP GASAAPCCVP QALEPLPIVY YVGRKPKVEQ LSNMIVRSCK CS. Purity: Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin: Not test. Biological Activity: n/a. Form: Liquid or Lyophilized powder. Buffer: If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0. Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference. Storage: The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C. Notes: Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. Relevance: Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide LAP and Transforming growth factor beta-1 TGF-beta-1 chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. , [Latency-associated peptide]: Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 TGF-beta-1 chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1. Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia. Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells Tregs. Interaction with integrins ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8 results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. , [Transforming growth factor beta-1]: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide LAP and Transforming growth factor beta-1 TGF-beta-1 chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix. At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus. TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8: integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, which transduce signal. While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain LAP and 'milieu molecules'. Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells Th17 or regulatory T-cells Treg lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells. Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis RIP. Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition EMT and cell migration in various cell types. Reference: n/a. Function: nan