IL10 Protein (His Tag) (recombinant human)

Sequence: Met1-Asn178. Fusion tag: C-His Endotoxin: < 1.0 EU per µg of the protein as determined by the LAL method Observed Molecular Mass: 19.5 kDa. Protein function: Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, produced by T helper (Th) cells, macrophages, monocytes, and B cells, that plays a crucial role in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. It downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. IL-10 can block NF-kappaB activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. IL-10, along with its receptors, describes an important role in pathogenesis of various diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases. IL-10 mutations are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis. Protein function: Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 (PubMed:16982608). In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators (PubMed:18025162). Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro- inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G- CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha (PubMed:11564774, PubMed:1940799, PubMed:7512027). Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co- stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (PubMed:8144879). In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling. [The UniProt Consortium]