C-C motif chemokine 5 protein (CCL5) (Active), human, recombinant

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human). Source: E.Coli. Expression Region: 24-91aa. Protein Length: Full Length of Mature Protein. Tag Info: Tag-Free. Target Protein Sequence: SPYSSDTTPC CFAYIARPLP RAHIKEYFYT SGKCSNPAVV FVTRKNRQVC ANPEKKWVRE YINSLEMS. Purity: >98% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin: Less than 1.0 EU/µg as determined by LAL method. Biological Activity: Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human peripheral blood monocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10 ng/ml. Form: Lyophilized powder. Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered concentrated solution in 20mM PB, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl. Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20 °C/-80 °C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference. Storage: The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. Notes: Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4 °C for up to one week. Relevance: Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils (PubMed:16791620, PubMed:1380064, PubMed:8525373, PubMed:9516414, PubMed:15923218). May also be an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75, stimulating inositol trisphosphate production and calcium mobilization through its activation. Together with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt and MAP kinases. By activating GPR75 may also play a role in insulin secretion by islet cells (PubMed:23979485). {ECO:0000269, PubMed:1380064, ECO:0000269, PubMed:15923218, ECO:0000269, PubMed:16791620, ECO:0000269, PubMed:17001303, ECO:0000269, PubMed:23979485, ECO:0000269, PubMed:8525373, ECO:0000269, PubMed:9516414}. Reference: n/a. Function: Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils