Withaferin A

White to off-white solid. Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml), DMF, 100% ethanol (5mg/ml), methanol (5mg/ml) or ethyl acetate. Insoluble in water. Multifunctional anticancer compound. Amplifies the cellular antioxidant and/or detoxification system, suppresses inflammatory pathways, selectively inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, suppresses tumor angiogenesis, blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor invasion and metastasis, alters tumor cell metabolism, induces immunomodulation and downregulates cancer stem cells targets, Sensitizes resistant cancer cells to existing chemotherapeutic agents, Antioxidant. Induces cytoprotective enzymes (Nrf2-dependent as well), including SOD, HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), catalase, glutathione peroxidise, glutathione s-transferase and NQO1, Anti-inflammatory agent. Inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression (at protein and mRNA level) and PGE2 production. Prevents NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting activation of IKKbeta. Inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced IL-1beta production by regulating NF-kappaB and directly inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Antiproliferative agent. Induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, targeting CDKs. Shown to modulate STAT3, Bcl2, Notch receptors, Akt, Hsp90, EGFR, HER2 and PCNA, Disrupts the organization of microtubules and actin/microfilament. Stimulates F-actin cross-linking, Induces tumor cell apoptosis. Shown to induce ROS production. Activates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through Bcl-2 downregulation and Bax upregulation. Shown to induce p53-dependent pathways and ER-stress. Activates the tumor suppressor protein PAR-4. Directly or indirectly inhibits selected other kinases, such, MAPK or STAT3. Shown to inhibit hedgehog signalling pathway, Described to be an autophagy inducer and inhibitor, Potent inhibitor of the 20S proteasome beta5 subunit chymotrypsin-like activity, Potent angiogenesis inhibitor by modulating VEGF. Antimigratory, antiinvasive and antimetastatic compound. Targets TGF-beta, vimentin, MMPs and Notch receptors, Inhibits cancer stem cells targets, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity. Alters cell line-specific the mRNA expression of cancer stem cell markers, such as Oct4, SOX-2, and Nanog, Reported to induce neuronal regeneration, Antidiabetic compound. Potent Leptin sensitizer, acting similar to Celastrol (Prod. No. AG-CN2-0460).