Gypenoside XVII

Gypenoside XVII is a saponin that has been found in P. notoginseng and has diverse biological activities. It induces autophagic clearance of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Abeta40, and Abeta42 in PC12 cells expressing Swedish mutant APP isoform 695 (APP695 Swe) when used at a concentration of 10 µM. Gypenoside XVII (40 mg/kg) prevents the formation of hippocampal and cortical Abeta plaques and ameliorates spatial cognitive deficits in the transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. It decreases lipid deposition in the aortic sinus and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduces aortic plaque area, and increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase in ApoE-/- mice. Gypenoside XVII (10 and 50 mg/kg) reduces spinal cord edema and neuronal apoptosis in a mouse model of mechanical compression-induced spinal cord injury. It also maintains retinal permeability and structure and reduces retinal levels of apoptotic proteins in a db/db mouse model of early diabetic retinopathy.Formal Name: 3beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12beta-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. CAS Number: 80321-69-3. Synonyms: Gyp-17, Gyp-XVII, Gynosaponin S. Molecular Formula: C48H82O18. Formula Weight: 947.2. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A solid. Solubility: DMF: 10 mg/ml, DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1): 0.20 mg/ml, DMSO: 5 mg/ml. SMILES: C[C@]12[C@]3([C@@]([C@@H](C[C@]1([H])[C@@]4([C@@](C(C)([C@H](CC4)O[C@@H]5O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O)CO)C)([H])CC2)C)O)([H])[C@]([C@](O[C@@H]6O[C@H](CO[C@H]7[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)(C)CC/C=C(C)/C)([H])CC3)C. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C48H82O18/c1-22(2)10-9-14-48(8,66-43-40(60)37(57)34(54)27(64-43)21-61-41-38(58)35(55)32(52)25(19-49)62-41)23-11-16-47(7)31(23)24(51)18-29-45(5)15-13-30(44(3,4)28(45)12-17-46(29,47)6)65-42-39(59)36(56)33(53)26(20-50)63-42/h10,23-43,49-60H,9,11-21H2,1-8H3/t23-,24+,25+,26+,27+,28-,29+,30-,31-,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,38+,39+,40+,41+,42-,43-,45-,46+,47+,48-/m0/s1. InChi Key: ZRBFCAALKKNCJG-SJYBZOGZSA-N. Origin: Plant/Gynostemma pentaphyllum.