Ginsenoside Rb1

Ginsenoside Rb1 is a triterpene saponin that has been found in P. ginseng and has diverse biological activities. It decreases apoptosis and increases in protein kinase A (PKA), PKC, caspase-3, and caspase-9 levels induced by isoproterenol (Cay-15592) in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes when used at a concentration of 100 µM. Ginsenoside Rb1 (1 µM) inhibits glucose-induced cytotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary rat hippocampal neurons. It inhibits LPS-induced activation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), I??beta, NF-kappaB, as well as the MAP kinases ERK, JNK, and p38, in mouse peritoneal lavage fluid when used at a concentration of 100 µM. Ginsenoside Rb1 (10 mg/kg for 30 days) increases hippocampus nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, markers of neural stem cells and astrocytes respectively, in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-beta (1-40) (Abeta40). It decreases high-fat diet-induced increases in liver weight, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, serum fasting glucose levels, and serum LDL levels in a mouse model of obesity when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day.Formal Name: 20-[(6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-12beta-hydroxydammar-24-en-3beta-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. CAS Number: 41753-43-9. Synonyms: Gypenoside III, NSC 310103. Molecular Formula: C54H92O23. Formula Weight: 1109.3. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 15 mg/ml, DMSO: 10 mg/ml, Ethanol: 0.1 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 1 mg/ml. SMILES: O[C@H]1[C@@]2([H])[C@](CC[C@]2([H])[C@@](CC/C=C(C)/C)(C)O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)(C)[C@]5(C)CC[C@]6([H])[C@@](CC[C@H](O[C@]7([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O[C@@]8([H])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)C6(C)C)(C)[C@@]5([H])C1. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C54H92O23/c1-23(2)10-9-14-54(8,77-48-44(69)40(65)37(62)29(74-48)22-70-46-42(67)38(63)34(59)26(19-55)71-46)24-11-16-53(7)33(24)25(58)18-31-51(5)15-13-32(50(3,4)30(51)12-17-52(31,53)6)75-49-45(41(66)36(61)28(21-57)73-49)76-47-43(68)39(64)35(60)27(20-56)72-47/h10,24-49,55-69H,9,11-22H2,1-8H3/t24-,25+,26+,27+,28+,29+,30-,31+,32-,33-,34+,35+,36+,37+,38-,39-,40-,41-,42+,43+,44+,45+,46+,47-,48-,49-,51-,52+,53+,54-/m0/s1. InChi Key: GZYPWOGIYAIIPV-JBDTYSNRSA-N.