Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine is an active metabolite of the gemcitabine prodrugs NUC-1031 (Cay-9003247) and gemcitabine elaidate (Cay-28303) and a prodrug form of gemcitabine di- and triphosphates. Gemcitabine is phosphorylated by intracellular kinases to the intermediate metabolite gemcitabine monophosphate (Cay-31726) and the active di- and triphosphate forms. It is cytotoxic to HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (IC50s = 5.2 and 16 nM, respectively) and inhibits tumor growth in various breast, colon, lung, and pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft models. Gemcitabine (12 mg/kg) sensitizes tumors to antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), decreases the number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and increases survival in an MC-38 syngeneic mouse model of colon carcinoma. Formulations containing gemcitabine have been used in the treatment of cancer.Formal Name: 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-cytidine. CAS Number: 95058-81-4. Synonyms: DDFC, dFdC, LY 188011, NSC 613327. Molecular Formula: C9H11N3O4F2. Formula Weight: 263.2. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 0.1 mg/ml, DMSO: 5 mg/ml, Ethanol: 0.2 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 1 mg/ml. lambdamax: 243, 269 nm. SMILES: O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]2C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C9H11F2N3O4/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17)/t4-,6-,7-/m1/s1. InChi Key: SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N.