GABA [gamma-Aminobutyric acid]

Soluble in water. Amino acid that functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and also functions as a neuromodulator in some peripheral tissues. GABAA and GABAB receptor agonist that increases Cl- conductance. GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal processes. This binding causes the opening of ion channels to allow the flow of either negatively charged chloride ions into the cell or positively charged potassium ions out of the cell. This action results in a negative change in the transmembrane potential, usually causing hyperpolarization. GABAergic neurons are involved in myorelaxation, anxiolytic treatment, sedation and anaesthetics. GABA can also influence heart rate and blood pressure and function as a immunomodulator. GABA signaling stimulates a-cell-mediated ß-like cell neogenesis. GABA induced insulin-producing ß-like cell neogenesis.