Echinacoside

Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside that has been found in Echinacea and has diverse biological activities. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, Cay-14805) radicals (EC50 = 6.6 µM in a cell-free assay). Echinacoside (10 µg/ml) inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in PC12 cells. It reduces increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-16, and IL-10 levels and hepatocyte apoptosis induced by LPS/D-galactosamine in a mouse model of acute liver injury when administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Echinacoside (20 mg/kg per day for 15 days) prevents loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreases in striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease. It also improves motor performance in the rotarod test in the same model.Formal Name: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 4-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate]. CAS Number: 82854-37-3. Synonyms: Kusaginin, NSC 603831, trans-Acteoside, trans-Verbascoside. Molecular Formula: C35H46O20. Formula Weight: 786.7. Purity: >95%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 30 mg/ml, DMSO: 30 mg/ml, DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:9): 0.10 mg/ml, Ethanol: 5 mg/ml. lambdamax: 219, 336 nm. SMILES: OC1=C(O)C=CC(/C=C/C(O[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O3)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OCCC4=CC=C(O)C(O)=C4)O[C@@H]2CO[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)=O)=C1. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C35H46O20/c1-14-24(42)26(44)29(47)35(51-14)55-32-30(48)34(49-9-8-16-3-6-18(38)20(40)11-16)53-22(13-50-33-28(46)27(45)25(43)21(12-36)52-33)31(32)54-23(41)7-4-15-2-5-17(37)19(39)10-15/h2-7,10-11,14,21-22,24-40,42-48H,8-9,12-13H2,1H3/b7-4+/t14-,21+,22+,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29+,30+,31+,32+,33+,34+,35-/m0/s1. InChi Key: FSBUXLDOLNLABB-ISAKITKMSA-N. Origin: Plant/Cistanches herba.