D-Penicillamine

D-Penicillamine is an orally bioavailable copper chelator and penicillin degradation product. It increases urinary and fecal copper excretion and decreases liver copper concentration in a rat model of copper overload when administered at 0.67 mmol/kg per day, but does not affect kidney, spleen, or brain copper levels. D-Penicillamine (100 mg/kg per day) dissolves copper-rich granules in hepatic lysosomes of Long-Evans cinnamon (LEC) rats, which spontaneously develop hepatic injury and acute hepatitis and have a mutation homologous to that of the human Wilson disease gene. D-Penicillamine has anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects in mice when administered at 0.5 and 250 mg/kg, respectively, which are blocked by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors L-NAME (Cay-80210) and 7-nitroindazole (Cay-81340). Formulations containing D-penicillamine have been used to treat Wilson disease, cystinuria, and active rheumatoid arthritis.Formal Name: 3-mercapto-D-valine. CAS Number: 52-67-5. Synonyms: NSC 81549, beta-Thiovaline. Molecular Formula: C5H11NO2S. Formula Weight: 149.2. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 30 mg/ml, DMSO: 30 mg/ml, DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:7): 0.12 mg/ml, Ethanol: 5 mg/ml. SMILES: O=C(O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)S)N. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-5(2,9)3(6)4(7)8/h3,9H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t3-/m0/s1. InChi Key: VVNCNSJFMMFHPL-VKHMYHEASA-N.