Curcumin

Curcumin is the major yellow pigment in turmeric and curry and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, chemopreventive and antitumor activities. It interferes with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle (cyclin D1 and cyclin E), apoptosis (activation of caspases and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene products), proliferation (HER-2, EGFR and AP-1), survival (PI3K/AKT pathway), invasion (MMP-9 and adhesion molecules), angiogenesis (VEGF), metastasis (CXCR-4), tumorigenesis and development (Shh, Gli), metabolism (PPARgamma, Nrf2), epigenetics (HDACs, HATs, DNA methyltransferase I and microRNAs) and inflammation (NLRP3, TLR4, NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX). Product References: (1) R.K. Maheshwari, et al., Life Sci. 78, 2081 (2006) (Review) , (2) V.P. Menon & A.R. Sudheer, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 595, 105 (2007) (Review) , (3) G. Kuttan, et al., Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 595, 173 (2007) (Review) , (4) B.B. Aggarwal & K.B. Harikumar, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41, 40 (2009) (Review) , (5) S. Fu & R. Kurzrock, Cancer 116, 4670 (2010) (Review) , (6) L. Alappat & A.B. Awad, Nutr. Rev. 68, 729 (2010) (Review) , (7) R.B. Mythri & M.M. Bharath, Curr. Pharm. Des. 18, 91 (2012) (Review) , (8) A.A. Momtazi, et al., Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 171, 1 (2016) (Review) , (9) S.S. Soflaei, et al., Curr. Pharm. Des. 24, 123 (2018) (Review) , (10) M. Boozari, et al., J. Cell Physiol. 234, 12471 (2019) (Review) , (11) K.R. Kahkhaie, et al., Inflammopharmacol. 27, 885 (2019) (Review) , (12) D.J.Den Hartogh, et al., Nutrients 12, 118 (2020) (Review) , (13) D.J.Den Hartogh, et al., Nutrients 12, 58 (2020) (Review) , (14) M.A. Panaro, et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 2299 (2020) (Review) , (15) M.R. Jennings & R.J. Parks, Viruses 12, 1242 (2020) (Review) , (16) A.Saeedi-Boroujeni, et al., Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 128, 37 (2021) (Review) Appearance: Yellow to orange solid. Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml) or ethanol (10mg/ml). Identity: Determined by 1H-NMR. InChi Key: VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N Smiles: OC1=CC=C(/C=C/C(CC(/C=C/C2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2)=O)=O)C=C1OC