Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls and used for Agrobacterium. Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to ceftriaxone in terms of safety and efficacy. Cefotaxime sodium is marketed under various trade names including Claforan (Roussel-Uclaf), Taxim (Alkem Laboratories), and Cefotax by EIPICO. , Cefotaxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.[1] Cefotaxime, like other beta-lactam antibiotics does not only block the division of bacteria, including cyanobacteria, but also the division of cyanelles, the photosynthetic organelles of the Glaucophytes, and the division of chloroplasts of bryophytes. In contrast, it has no effect on the plastids of the highly developed vascular plants. This is supporting the endosymbiotic theory and indicates an evolution of plastid division in land plants [2]. Cefotaxime is used for infections of the respiratory tract, skin, bones, joints, urogenital system, meningitis, and septicemia. It generally has good coverage against most Gram-negative bacteria, with the notable exception of Pseudomonas. It is also effective against most Gram-positive cocci except for Enterococcus.[1] It is active against penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has modest activity against the anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis. , The syn-configuration of the methoxyimino moiety confers stability to beta-lactamase enzymes produced by many Gram-negative bacteria. Such stability to beta-lactamases increases the activity of cefotaxime against otherwise resistant Gram-negative organisms. Appearance: White crystalline powder, Activity: 916-964ug/mg (HPLC), Solubility (Methanol, Water): Clear and complete, Melting Point: > 165°C (dec.), Specific Rotation: +58° to +64°, pH: 4.5-6.5, Moisture: <6.0%, Endotoxin: <0.2EU/mg