Bafilomycin A1 (high purity)

Bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic, is a highly potent, selective inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPases. Bafilomycin A1 is a potent inhibitor of cellular autophagy either by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion or by blocking lysosomal degradation. Bafilomycin A1 has several other biological properties. It induces apoptosis or acts as an ionophore, meaning it can transfer K+ ions across biological membranes. Bafilomycin A1 can induce mitochondrial swelling in the presence of K+ ions, stimulate the oxidation of pyrimidine nucleotides and uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of V-ATPase activity with bafilomycin A1 led to the exacerbation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human monocytes in response to LPS. Bafilomycin A1 also significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication. In cancer, bafilomycin A1 has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells by blocking the acidification of lysosomes. In lysosomal storage disorders, bafilomycin A1 has been shown to promote the clearance of accumulated cellular waste from lysosomes. In neurodegenerative diseases, bafilomycin A1 has been shown to protect neurons from damage.