Elab Fluor(R) 647 Anti-Mouse TNFalpha Antibody[XT3.11]

TNF-alpha is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK-cells. Many transformed cell lines also secrete TNF-alpha. Monomeric mouse TNF-alpha is a 156 amino acid protein (N-glycosylated) with a reported molecular weight of 17.5 kD. TNF-alpha forms multimeric complexes, stable trimers are most common in solution. A 26 kD membrane form of TNF-alpha has also been described. TNF-alpha binding to surface receptors elicits a wide array of biologic activities including: cytolysis and cytostasis of many tumor cell lines in vitro, hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors in vivo, increased fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis in neutrophils. Protein function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance (PubMed:25586176). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6. Promotes osteoclastogenesis and therefore mediates bone resorption (PubMed:32741026). [The UniProt Consortium]