Anti-NF-kappaB1 (p105/p50) Recombinant Monoclonal

Protein function: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I- kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and RelB-p50 complexes are transcriptional activators. The NF-kappa-B p50-p50 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor, but can act as a transcriptional activator when associated with BCL3. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p50 and p105 and preserves their independent function, although processing of NFKB1/p105 also appears to occur post-translationally. p50 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. In a complex with MAP3K8, NFKB1/p105 represses MAP3K8-induced MAPK signaling, active MAP3K8 is released by proteasome-dependent degradation of NFKB1/p105. [The UniProt Consortium] The NFKB1 gene encodes a 105 kDa protein that can undergo co-translational processing to also yield a 50 kDa protein. The 50 kDa protein is also known as NF-kappa B1/p50 and is one of five monomeric subunits that are part of the Rel family of proteins that dimerize to form the NF-kappa B (nuclear factor that binds the kappa immunoglobulin light chain gene enhancer) transcription factor. Members of the Rel family of proteins include NF-kappa B1/p50, NF-kappa B2/p52, RelA/p65, c-Rel, and RelB. The 105 kDa product is also known as p105 or I kappa B gamma. p105/I kappa B gamma has been shown to function as an inhibitor protein that interacts with NF-kappa B and inhibit its DNA binding activity. p105/I kappa B gamma is a member of the I kappa B family of proteins which includes I kappa B-beta, I kappa B-delta/NF-kappa B2/p100, I kappa B-gamma/NF-kappa B1/p105, I kappa B-epsilon, I kappa B-zeta, and Bcl3. The classical description of the NF-kappa B transcription factor is a transcription factor that reprograms gene expression of the immune system in response to injury, infection, and stress.