Anti-Estrogen Receptor, beta (ES)

Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Immunofluorescence: 1-2ug/ml, Western Blot: 0.5-1ug/ml, Immunohistochemistry (Frozen & Formalin fixed paraffin embedded): 0.5-1ug/ml/30min @ RT, Immunoprecipitation: 1-2ug/500ug protein lysate, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Control: Ovarian, breast or prostate carcinoma, Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.