Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (Clone:1D3)-Low Endotoxin

CD19 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of Ig superfamily expressed by B cells from the time of heavy chain rearrangement until plasma cell differentiation. It forms a tetrameric complex with CD21 (complement receptor type 2), CD81 (TAPA-1) and Leu13. Together with BCR (B cell antigen receptor), this complex signals to decrease B cell treshold for activation by the antigen. Besides being signal-amplifying coreceptor for BCR, CD19 can also signal independently of BCR coligation and it turns out to be a central regulatory component upon which multiple signaling pathways converge. Mutation of the CD19 gene results in hypogammaglobulinemia, whereas CD19 overexpression causes B cell hyperactivity. Protein function: Functions as coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes. Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B- cell responses to antigens. Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (PubMed:9382888, PubMed:12387743, PubMed:20101619). Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow (PubMed:7542548, PubMed:7543183, PubMed:9317126). Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (PubMed:7542548, PubMed:7543183, PubMed:12387743). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges (PubMed:7542548, PubMed:9317126, PubMed:12387743). Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge (PubMed:7542548, PubMed:7543183, PubMed:12387743). [The UniProt Consortium]