IL-38 (aa 20-152) (human) (rec.) (His)

Protein function: Cytokine with immunomodulatory activity. Alone, does not induce cytokine production, but reduces IL22 and IL17A production by T-cells in response to heat-killed Candida albicans. Reduces IL36G-induced production of IL8 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Increases IL6 production by dendritic cells stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Ligand for IL-36R/IL1RL2. [The UniProt Consortium] IL-38 (IL-1F10) belongs to the IL-1 family of proteins. IL-38 is expressed in heart, placenta, fetal liver, spleen, thymus and tonsil. The expression in a variety of immune tissues and similarity to IL-1Ra suggest a role of IL-38 in the inflammatory response. It has been reported that removal of the N-terminus domain of the interleukins of the IL-1F family such as IL-1F5 / 6 / 8 or 9 (also called IL-36Ra, IL-36alpha, IL-36beta or IL-36gamma) is important to increase their biological activity. Recently it has been shown that IL-38 is N-terminally processed and secreted by apoptotic cells. Released processed IL-38 (20-152) binds to the receptor Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1, TIGIRR-2) at the surface of macrophages. Processed IL-38-activated IL1RAPL1 reduces the production of IL-6 leading to inflammation attenuation. IL-38 is unregulated during some autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.