Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), partial, human, recombinant

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human). Source: Mammalian cell. Expression Region: 20-200aa. Protein Length: Partial. Tag Info: C-terminal hFc-tagged. Target Protein Sequence: RSSEVEYRAE VGQNAYLPCF YTPAAPGNLV PVCWGKGACP VFECGNVVLR TDERDVNYWT SRYWLNGDFR KGDVSLTIEN VTLADSGIYC CRIQIPGIMN DEKFNLKLVI KPAKVTPAPT RQRDFTAAFP RMLTTRGHGP AETQTLGSLP DINLTQISTL ANELRDSRLA NDLRDSGATI R. Purity: Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin: Not test. Biological Activity: n/a. Form: Liquid or Lyophilized powder. Buffer: If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0. Reconstitution: We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20 °C/-80 °C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference. Storage: The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20 °C/-80 °C. Notes: Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4 °C for up to one week. Relevance: Cell surface receptor implicated in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Generally accepted to have an inhibiting function. Reports on stimulating functions suggest that the activity may be influenced by the cellular context and/or the respective ligand . Regulates macrophage activation . Inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte -mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance . In CD8+ cells attenuates TCR-induced signaling, specifically by blocking NF-kappaB and NFAT promoter activities resulting in the loss of IL-2 secretion. The function may implicate its association with LCK proposed to impair phosphorylation of TCR subunits, and/or LGALS9-dependent recruitment of PTPRC to the immunological synapse . In contrast, shown to activate TCR-induced signaling in T-cells probably implicating ZAP70, LCP2, LCK and FYN . Expressed on Treg cells can inhibit Th17 cell responses . Receptor for LGALS9 . Binding to LGALS9 is believed to result in suppression of T-cell responses, the resulting apoptosis of antigen-specific cells may implicate HAVCR2 phosphorylation and disruption of its association with BAG6. Binding to LGALS9 is proposed to be involved in innate immune response to intracellular pathogens. Expressed on Th1 cells interacts with LGALS9 expressed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages to stimulate antibactericidal activity including IL-1 beta secretion and to restrict intracellular bacterial growth . However, the function as receptor for LGALS9 has been challenged . Also reported to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses to an acute infection such as by Listeria monocytogenes . Receptor for phosphatidylserine, PtSer-binding is calcium-dependent. May recognize PtSer on apoptotic cells leading to their phagocytosis. Mediates the engulfment of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells. Expressed on T-cells, promotes conjugation but not engulfment of apoptotic cells. Expressed on dendritic cells positively regulates innate immune response and in synergy with Toll-like receptors promotes secretion of TNF-alpha. In tumor-imfiltrating DCs suppresses nucleic acid-mediated innate immune repsonse by interaction with HMGB1 and interfering with nucleic acid-sensing and trafficking of nucleid acids to endosomes . Expressed on natural killer cells acts as a coreceptor to enhance IFN-gamma production in response to LGALS9 . In contrast, shown to suppress NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity . Negatively regulates NK cell function in LPS-induced endotoxic shock . Reference: "Novel human hepatitis A virus cellular receptor." Zhang W., Wan T., Li N., Cao X. Submitted (APR-2000). Function: nan