Xanthohumol

Yellow powder. Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml) or ethanol (10mg/ml). Chemical. CAS: 6754-58-1. Formula: C21H22O5. MW: 354.40. Xanthohumol is a cell-permeable natural prenylated chalcone isolated from the hop plant, H. lupulus. Xanthohumol and its metabolites induce protective detoxification enzymes, at least in part via the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 pathway. Xanthohumol can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic and osteogenic effects. Xanthohumol binds to the N-terminal domain of p97 ATPase (VCP, valosin-containing protein), an essential protein for autophagosome maturation. Xanthohumol inhibits the function of p97 ATPase thereby impairing autophagosome maturation and resulting in accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II)1. Xanthohumol inhibits diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT) and human P450 enzymes. It also inhibits the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF under hypoxic conditions.