Propionyl-L-carnitine (chloride)

Propionyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring carnitine derivative formed by carnitine acetyltransferase during beta-oxidation of uneven chain fatty acids. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases the basal release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, Cay-14010) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (Cay-15210) in carrageenan-stimulated isolated rat peritoneal cells contaminated with neutrophils and increases the basal release of thromboxane B2 (TXB2, Cay-19030) in non-contaminated cells. It reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It also increases the rate of revascularization and the hind limb vascular area in a rabbit model of hind limb ischemia when administered at a dose of 10 mg per animal. Propionyl-L-carnitine reduces mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia, preventing mitochondrial calcium overload, and depletion of ATP tissue stores in a rabbit model of ischemia.Formal Name: 3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-2R-(1-oxopropoxy)-1-propanaminium, monochloride. CAS Number: 119793-66-7. Synonyms: CAR 3:0, C3:0 Carnitine, L-Carnitine propionyl ester, Levocarnitine propionate, L-Propionylcarnitine, ST 261. Molecular Formula: C10H20NO4 . Cl. Formula Weight: 253.7. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMF: 15 mg/ml, DMSO: 20 mg/ml, Ethanol: 25 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml. SMILES: C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(O)=O)OC(CC)=O.[Cl-]. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C10H19NO4.ClH/c1-5-10(14)15-8(6-9(12)13)7-11(2,3)4,/h8H,5-7H2,1-4H3,1H/t8-,/m1./s1. InChi Key: KTFMPDDJYRFWQE-DDWIOCJRSA-N. Side Chain Carbon Sum: 3:0.