p-Coumaric acid

p-Coumaric acid is mainly a plant metabolite which exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiangiogenic, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. It shows bactericidal/quorum sensing activity by damaging bacterial cell membrane and by interacting with bacterial DNA. It prevents metabolic syndromes through the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), linked to UCP1 upregulation, with accelerated burning of fatty acids and glucose, leading to enhanced the energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Also used in proteomics, e.g. in western blot, p-coumaric is used as an enhancer in chemiluminescent substrates. Used in cosmetics as a skin-lightening compound, due to its antimelanogenic effects, based on its potent competitive inhibition of tyrosinase. Product References: (1) C. Luceri, et al., Br. J. Nutr. 97, 458 (2007) , (2) C. Haan & I. Behrmann, J. Immunol. Meth. 318, 11 (2007) , (3) S.F. Bodini, et al., Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 49, 551 (2009) , (4) D. Dolores & C.Y. Cheng, Spermatogenesis 1, 121 (2011) , (5) D. Stojkovic, et al., J. Sci. Food Agric. 93, 3205 (2013) , (6) S.J. Pragasam & M. Rasool, Inflamm. Res. 62, 489 (2013) , (7) S.J. Pragasam, et al., Inflammation 36, 169 (2013) , (8) C.S. Kong, et al., Phytother. Res. 27, 317 (2013) , (9) S. Shailasree, et al., Mol. Neurobiol. 51, 119 (2015) , (10) V. Amalan, et al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 84, 230 (2016) , (11) K. Pei, et al., J. Sci. Food Agric. 96, 2952 (2016) (Review) , (12) A. Abdel-Moneim, et al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 105, 1091 (2018) , (13) S.H. Sharma, et al., Chem. Biol. Interact. 291, 16 (2018) , (14) R. Sakamula, et al., Metab. Brain Dis. 33, 765 (2018) , (15) Y.C. Boo, Antioxidants 8, 275 (2019) (Review) , (16) X. Hu, et al., Front. Oncol. 10, 558414 (2020) , (17) X. Han, et al., FASEB J. 34, 7810 (2020) , (18) M.F. Abazari, et al., Mini Rev. Med. Chem. (epub ahead of print) (2021) (Review) Appearance: White to off-white powder. Solubility: Soluble in ethanol (30 mg/ml), DMSO (15mg/ml) or DMF (20mg/ml). Identity: Determined by 1H-NMR. InChi Key: NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Smiles: OC1=CC=C(/C=C/C(O)=O)C=C1