Mildronate dihydrate

White to off-white powder. Soluble in water (20mg/ml) or ethanol (20mg/ml). Chemical. CAS: 86426-17-7. Formula: C6H14N2O2 . 2H2O. MW: 182.22. Mildronate is a structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine (gammaBB), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of carnitine and a modulator of energy metabolism. It blocks carnitine synthesis by inhibiting gammaBB hydroxylase (BBOX) and, less potently, carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT). Through these actions, mildronate reduces the levels of free carnitine and long chain acyl carnitine. This leads to suppressed fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial uncoupling during oxidative conditions, resulting in cardioprotective, antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects. Mildronate also improves cognition and reduces amyloid-beta pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.