Manzamine A

Manzamine A is an alkaloid isolated from marine sponges. Manzamine A exhibits neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, antibiotic, and antiviral activities. In vitro, manzamine A uncouples vacuolar ATPases, inhibiting autophagy and tumor growth. Manzamine A inhibits foam cell formation in macrophages, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Additionally, manzamine A inhibits cholesterol ester formation and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT) activity in vitro and decreases total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels in vivo. This compound displays antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, it may also exhibit anti-parasitic activity. In corneal cells, manzamine A inhibits viral replication and infection of herpes simplex virus a (HSV-1), inhibiting HSV-1 virion host shutoff activity. In neuroblastoma cells, manzamine A displays potential benefit in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3).