Anti-phospho-Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 alpha, beta (Tyr279, Tyr216) (GSK3a,b)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a non-receptor protein serine/threonine kinase and a critical modulator of cell fate, neuronal plasticity, and tumorigenesis. GSK-3 consists of two isoforms, alpha (51kD) and beta (47kD). Phosphorylation of the kinase activation loop on GSK-3alpha tyrosine 279 (tyrosine 216 for GSK-3beta) by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or proline-rich/Ca2+-activated tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) activates GSK-3a,b, inhibiting glycogen synthesis and thereby inducing apoptosis. GSK-3beta also hyperphosphorylates the microtubule- binding protein Tau, leading to paired helical formation, a marker in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Applications: Suitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Western Blot: 1:1000, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Controls: Serum starved mouse 3T3-L1 cells +/- insulin (100nM, 10 minutes), or background extracts +/- human recombinant GSK-3beta. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.