Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH, TYH, Tyrosine 3-Hydroxylase, DYT5b, DYT14, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase)

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore the regulation of the TH enzyme represents the central means for controlling the synthesis of these important catecholamines. FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin. COFACTOR: Fe(2+) ion. ENZYME REGULATION: Phosphorylation leads to an increase in the catalytic activity. PATHWAY: Catecholamine biosynthesis, first step. SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. PTM: In vitro, phosphorylation of Ser-19 increases the rate of Ser-40 phosphorylation, which results in enzyme opening and activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The presence of different DNA sequences at the TH locus confers susceptibility to various disorders of the brain including manic-depression and schizophrenia. Parkinson's disease is also considered a TH deficiency as low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality. Applications: Suitable for use in Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. , Recommended Dilutions: Immunohistochemistry: 1-2000-1:5000, Western Blot: 1:100-1:500 on RIPA-extracted PC12 cell lysates, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Control: Mouse or rat brain containing catecholaminergic neurons (brain stem or striatum). Storage and Stability: Lyophilized and reconstituted products are stable for 12 months after receipt at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile dH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.