Anti-Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGFb1), Biotin conjugated

TGFb1 is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-b superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure. TGFb1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial­mesenchymal transition. Each TGFb isoform has some non­redundant functions. Human TGFb1 cDNA encodes a 390aa precursor that contains a 29aa signal peptide and a 361aa proprotein. A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112aa mature TGFb1. Disulfide linked homodimers of LAP and TGFb1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGFb1 complex. TGFb is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins. Mature human TGFb1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse. TGFb1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGFb RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGFb RI. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGFb RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad­independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGFb in different contexts. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Sandwich ELISA: 0.1-0.4ug/ml when used as the detection antibody in combination with the monoclonal capture antibody T8250-16: TGFb1 and recombinant human TGFb1 as the standard., Western Blot: 0.1ug/ml detects Transforming Growth Factor beta1 in recombinant human TGFb1., Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.