Anti-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-like 1 protein (INDOL1, IDO2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2, indole

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a monomeric hemoprotein, is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway of degradation of L-tryptophan. IDO oxidizes the pyrrole moiety of tryptophan, causing cell death due to tryptophan starvation. It is induced in various types of human cell lines and cell types such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells and macrophages in the presence of IFN-gamma. Placenta, lung and small intestine show high levels of IDO enzyme activity. IDO has been implicated in regulation of feto-maternal tolerance and protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens. In the human female reproductive tract, endometrial glandular and surface epithelial cells show increasing IDO expression during the course of the menstrual cycle. IDO is also implicated in playing immuno-regulation. In vivo, IDO has been implicated in tolerance to self antigens in non-obese diabetic mice, and as a downstream effector mechanism for the toleance-inducing agent CTLA4-Ig. Expression of IDO by tumor cells has also been proposed as a mechanism by which tumors evade the immune system. Consistent with this hypothesis, a recent study in mice found a subset of plasmacytoid deudritic cells (pDCs) in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) that expressed immunosuppressive levels of IDO. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Peptide ELISA: 1:64,000, Western Blot: 1-3ug/ml detects ~50kD band in human kidney lysates., Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.