Anti-CD31 (Clone: C31.7)

CD31 (PECAM-1, or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1) is a surface protein expressed by endothelial cells, monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and lymphocyte subsets, and makes up a large portion of endothelial intercellular junctions. CD31 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is likely involved in leukocyte migration, angiogenesis, and integrin activation. Reports indicate that CD31 interacts with CD38 and is involved in cellular interactions resulting in wound healing and angiogenesis. Expression of CD31 on CD4+ T lymphocytes, helps to control T lymphocyte activation, because in the absence of CD31, T cells have a greater propensity to become activated, resulting in increased susceptibility to become apoptotic. This impact of CD31 loss becomes most pronounced during severe, inflammatory, and immunological stresses such as those caused by systemic Salmonella infection. This identifies a novel role for CD31 in regulating CD4 T homeostasis. This monoclonal antibody recognizes a 100kDa glycoprotein in endothelial cells and 130 kDa in platelets. This antibody reacts with endothelial cells in normal tissues and in benign and malignant proliferations. In cryostat sections and blood smears the antibody also stains megakaryocytes, platelets and occasionally plasma cells. It reacts weakly with mantle zone B cells, peripheral T cells, and neutrophils. Antibody to CD31 is of value in the study of benign and malignant vascular tumors. Staining for CD31 has also been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence. Protein function: Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions (PubMed:19342684, PubMed:17580308). Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes (PubMed:19342684). Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils (PubMed:17580308). Homophilic ligation of PECAM1 prevents macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of neighboring viable leukocytes by transmitting a detachment signal (PubMed:12110892). Promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes by tethering them to the phagocytic cells, PECAM1-mediated detachment signal appears to be disabled in apoptotic leukocytes (PubMed:12110892). Modulates bradykinin receptor BDKRB2 activation (PubMed:18672896). Regulates bradykinin- and hyperosmotic shock- induced ERK1/2 activation in endothelial cells (PubMed:18672896). Induces susceptibility to atherosclerosis. [The UniProt Consortium]