Anti-Adiponectin

ADIPOQ (Adipocyte-, C1q-, and Collagen Domain-Containing),also known as APM1, ADPN or ACDC, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene. Using FISH, Das et al. (2001) mapped the mouse Acrp30 gene to chromosome 16 in a region showing homology of synteny with human 3q27. By RNase protection and Western blot analysis, Schaffler et al. (1999) showed that APM1 is expressed by differentiated adipocytes as a 33-kD protein that is also detectable in serum. By sequence comparisons, they found links between APM1 and TNF family ligands as well as to cytokines expressed by T cells. Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. Adiponectin is exclusively secreted from adipose tissue (and also from the placenta in pregnancy) into the bloodstream and is very abundant in plasma relative to many hormones. Protein function: Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects. Inhibits endothelial NF-kappa-B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. May play a role in cell growth, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling by binding and sequestering various growth factors with distinct binding affinities, depending on the type of complex, LMW, MMW or HMW. [The UniProt Consortium]